TedTest

From the Ted Talk by Joy Lin: If superpowers were real Body mass

Unscramble the Blue Letters

Some superheroes can grow to the size of a building at will. That's very intimidating! But a scientist must ask where the extra material is cnomig from. The Law of Conservation of Mass implies that mass can neither be creaetd nor destroyed, which means that our hero's mass will not change just because his size changes. For instance, when we bake a fluffy sponge cake, even though the resulting delicious treat is much bigger in size than the cake bttaer that went into the oven, the weight of the cake batter should still equal the weight of the cake plus the moisture that has eravteaopd. In a chemical equation, molecules rearrange to make new compounds, but all the ctopmneons should still be auotcecnd for. When our hero edpanxs from 6 feet tall to 18 feet tall, his height terilps. Galileo's Square Cube Law says his weight will be 27 - 3 times 3 times 3 equals 27 - times his regular weight since he has to expand in all three dimensions. So, when our superhero transforms into a giant, we are dealing with two possibilities. Our hero towering at 18 feet still only weighs 200 pounds, the original weight in this human form. Now, optoin two, our hero weighs 5,400 pounds - 200 pounds times 27 equals 5,400 pounds - when he is 18 feet tall, which means he also weighs 5,400 pounds when he is 6 feet tall. Nobody can get in the same elevator with him without the aalrm going off. Now, option two seems a little more sclneictlifaiy plausible, but it begs the question, how does he ever walk through the park without sinking into the ground since the preursse he is exerting on the soil is calculated by his mass divided by the area of the bottom of his feet? And what kind of super socks and super shoes is he putting on his feet to withstand all the fiitcorn that rstlues from drgganig his 5,400 pound body against the road when he runs? And can he even run? And I won't even ask how he finds pants flexible enough to withstand the expansion. Now, let's explore the density of the two options mentioned above. Density is defined as mass divided by vlomue. The human body is made out of bones and flesh, which has a relatively set density. In option one, if the hero weighs 200 pndous all the time, then he would be bones and flesh at normal size. When he expands to a begigr size while still weighing 200 pounds, he essentially tnrus himself into a giant, fluffy teddy bear. In option two, if the hero weighs 5,400 pounds all the time, then he would be bones and flesh at 18 feet with 5,400 pounds of weight supported by two legs. The weight would be exerted on the leg bones at different angles as he mveos. boens, while hard, are not malleable, meaning they do not bend, so they break easily. The tdneons would also be at risk of treniag. Tall buildings stay standing because they have steel frames and do not run and jump around in the jungle. Our hero, on the other hand, one landing at a bad angle and he's down. aunsmsig his bodily function is the same as any mammal's, his heart would need to pump a large amount of blood throughout his body to provide enough oxygen for him to move 5,400 pounds of body wigeht around. This would take tremendous energy, which he would need to provide by consuming 27 times 3,000 calories of food every day. Now, that is roughly 150 Big Macs. 27 times 3,000 calculated equals 81,000 calculated slsah 550 calories elquas 147. He wouldn't have time to fgiht crime because he would be eating all the time and working a 9-to-5 job in order to afford all the food he eats. And what about superheroes who can turn their bodies into rocks or sand? Well, everything on eatrh is made out of elements. And what defines each element is the nbeumr of protons in the nucleus. That is how our periodic tbale is organized. Hydrogen has one proton, helium, two porotns, lithium, three protons, and so on. The primary component of the most common form of sand is silicon doiidxe. Meanwhile, the human body consists of 65% oxygen, 18% cbaron, 10% hydrogen, and 7% of various other elements iidcunlng 0.002% of silicon. In a chemical reaction, the elements recombine to make new copdnumos. So, where is he getting all this silicon necessary to make the sand? Sure, we can atler elements by nuclear fusion or nuclear fsosiin. However, nelaucr fsouin rreeiuqs so much heat, the only natural occurrence of this process is in stars. In order to utilize fusion in a short amount of time, the temperature of the area needs to be htteor than the Sun. Every innocent bensadtyr will be burned to a crisp. Rapid nuclear fission is not any better since it often results in many radioactive particles. Our hero would become a walking, talking nuclear power plant, uemtlatily harming every person he tries to save. And do you really want the heat of the Sun or a radioactive nuclear plnat inside of your body? Now, which superpower physics lssoen will you explore next? sitihfng body size and content, super seped, flight, super strength, immortality, and invisibility.

Open Cloze

Some superheroes can grow to the size of a building at will. That's very intimidating! But a scientist must ask where the extra material is ______ from. The Law of Conservation of Mass implies that mass can neither be _______ nor destroyed, which means that our hero's mass will not change just because his size changes. For instance, when we bake a fluffy sponge cake, even though the resulting delicious treat is much bigger in size than the cake ______ that went into the oven, the weight of the cake batter should still equal the weight of the cake plus the moisture that has __________. In a chemical equation, molecules rearrange to make new compounds, but all the __________ should still be _________ for. When our hero _______ from 6 feet tall to 18 feet tall, his height _______. Galileo's Square Cube Law says his weight will be 27 - 3 times 3 times 3 equals 27 - times his regular weight since he has to expand in all three dimensions. So, when our superhero transforms into a giant, we are dealing with two possibilities. Our hero towering at 18 feet still only weighs 200 pounds, the original weight in this human form. Now, ______ two, our hero weighs 5,400 pounds - 200 pounds times 27 equals 5,400 pounds - when he is 18 feet tall, which means he also weighs 5,400 pounds when he is 6 feet tall. Nobody can get in the same elevator with him without the _____ going off. Now, option two seems a little more ______________ plausible, but it begs the question, how does he ever walk through the park without sinking into the ground since the ________ he is exerting on the soil is calculated by his mass divided by the area of the bottom of his feet? And what kind of super socks and super shoes is he putting on his feet to withstand all the ________ that _______ from ________ his 5,400 pound body against the road when he runs? And can he even run? And I won't even ask how he finds pants flexible enough to withstand the expansion. Now, let's explore the density of the two options mentioned above. Density is defined as mass divided by ______. The human body is made out of bones and flesh, which has a relatively set density. In option one, if the hero weighs 200 ______ all the time, then he would be bones and flesh at normal size. When he expands to a ______ size while still weighing 200 pounds, he essentially _____ himself into a giant, fluffy teddy bear. In option two, if the hero weighs 5,400 pounds all the time, then he would be bones and flesh at 18 feet with 5,400 pounds of weight supported by two legs. The weight would be exerted on the leg bones at different angles as he _____. _____, while hard, are not malleable, meaning they do not bend, so they break easily. The _______ would also be at risk of _______. Tall buildings stay standing because they have steel frames and do not run and jump around in the jungle. Our hero, on the other hand, one landing at a bad angle and he's down. ________ his bodily function is the same as any mammal's, his heart would need to pump a large amount of blood throughout his body to provide enough oxygen for him to move 5,400 pounds of body ______ around. This would take tremendous energy, which he would need to provide by consuming 27 times 3,000 calories of food every day. Now, that is roughly 150 Big Macs. 27 times 3,000 calculated equals 81,000 calculated _____ 550 calories ______ 147. He wouldn't have time to _____ crime because he would be eating all the time and working a 9-to-5 job in order to afford all the food he eats. And what about superheroes who can turn their bodies into rocks or sand? Well, everything on _____ is made out of elements. And what defines each element is the ______ of protons in the nucleus. That is how our periodic _____ is organized. Hydrogen has one proton, helium, two _______, lithium, three protons, and so on. The primary component of the most common form of sand is silicon _______. Meanwhile, the human body consists of 65% oxygen, 18% ______, 10% hydrogen, and 7% of various other elements _________ 0.002% of silicon. In a chemical reaction, the elements recombine to make new _________. So, where is he getting all this silicon necessary to make the sand? Sure, we can _____ elements by nuclear fusion or nuclear _______. However, _______ ______ ________ so much heat, the only natural occurrence of this process is in stars. In order to utilize fusion in a short amount of time, the temperature of the area needs to be ______ than the Sun. Every innocent _________ will be burned to a crisp. Rapid nuclear fission is not any better since it often results in many radioactive particles. Our hero would become a walking, talking nuclear power plant, __________ harming every person he tries to save. And do you really want the heat of the Sun or a radioactive nuclear _____ inside of your body? Now, which superpower physics ______ will you explore next? ________ body size and content, super _____, flight, super strength, immortality, and invisibility.

Solution

results
ultimately
scientifically
expands
alarm
bigger
turns
dragging
bystander
volume
triples
slash
equals
table
bones
friction
alter
speed
assuming
fusion
plant
nuclear
number
components
lesson
tendons
earth
dioxide
carbon
tearing
created
protons
pounds
fight
pressure
evaporated
weight
compounds
requires
option
moves
fission
accounted
shifting
coming
hotter
batter
including

Original Text

Some superheroes can grow to the size of a building at will. That's very intimidating! But a scientist must ask where the extra material is coming from. The Law of Conservation of Mass implies that mass can neither be created nor destroyed, which means that our hero's mass will not change just because his size changes. For instance, when we bake a fluffy sponge cake, even though the resulting delicious treat is much bigger in size than the cake batter that went into the oven, the weight of the cake batter should still equal the weight of the cake plus the moisture that has evaporated. In a chemical equation, molecules rearrange to make new compounds, but all the components should still be accounted for. When our hero expands from 6 feet tall to 18 feet tall, his height triples. Galileo's Square Cube Law says his weight will be 27 - 3 times 3 times 3 equals 27 - times his regular weight since he has to expand in all three dimensions. So, when our superhero transforms into a giant, we are dealing with two possibilities. Our hero towering at 18 feet still only weighs 200 pounds, the original weight in this human form. Now, option two, our hero weighs 5,400 pounds - 200 pounds times 27 equals 5,400 pounds - when he is 18 feet tall, which means he also weighs 5,400 pounds when he is 6 feet tall. Nobody can get in the same elevator with him without the alarm going off. Now, option two seems a little more scientifically plausible, but it begs the question, how does he ever walk through the park without sinking into the ground since the pressure he is exerting on the soil is calculated by his mass divided by the area of the bottom of his feet? And what kind of super socks and super shoes is he putting on his feet to withstand all the friction that results from dragging his 5,400 pound body against the road when he runs? And can he even run? And I won't even ask how he finds pants flexible enough to withstand the expansion. Now, let's explore the density of the two options mentioned above. Density is defined as mass divided by volume. The human body is made out of bones and flesh, which has a relatively set density. In option one, if the hero weighs 200 pounds all the time, then he would be bones and flesh at normal size. When he expands to a bigger size while still weighing 200 pounds, he essentially turns himself into a giant, fluffy teddy bear. In option two, if the hero weighs 5,400 pounds all the time, then he would be bones and flesh at 18 feet with 5,400 pounds of weight supported by two legs. The weight would be exerted on the leg bones at different angles as he moves. Bones, while hard, are not malleable, meaning they do not bend, so they break easily. The tendons would also be at risk of tearing. Tall buildings stay standing because they have steel frames and do not run and jump around in the jungle. Our hero, on the other hand, one landing at a bad angle and he's down. Assuming his bodily function is the same as any mammal's, his heart would need to pump a large amount of blood throughout his body to provide enough oxygen for him to move 5,400 pounds of body weight around. This would take tremendous energy, which he would need to provide by consuming 27 times 3,000 calories of food every day. Now, that is roughly 150 Big Macs. 27 times 3,000 calculated equals 81,000 calculated slash 550 calories equals 147. He wouldn't have time to fight crime because he would be eating all the time and working a 9-to-5 job in order to afford all the food he eats. And what about superheroes who can turn their bodies into rocks or sand? Well, everything on Earth is made out of elements. And what defines each element is the number of protons in the nucleus. That is how our periodic table is organized. Hydrogen has one proton, helium, two protons, lithium, three protons, and so on. The primary component of the most common form of sand is silicon dioxide. Meanwhile, the human body consists of 65% oxygen, 18% carbon, 10% hydrogen, and 7% of various other elements including 0.002% of silicon. In a chemical reaction, the elements recombine to make new compounds. So, where is he getting all this silicon necessary to make the sand? Sure, we can alter elements by nuclear fusion or nuclear fission. However, nuclear fusion requires so much heat, the only natural occurrence of this process is in stars. In order to utilize fusion in a short amount of time, the temperature of the area needs to be hotter than the Sun. Every innocent bystander will be burned to a crisp. Rapid nuclear fission is not any better since it often results in many radioactive particles. Our hero would become a walking, talking nuclear power plant, ultimately harming every person he tries to save. And do you really want the heat of the Sun or a radioactive nuclear plant inside of your body? Now, which superpower physics lesson will you explore next? Shifting body size and content, super speed, flight, super strength, immortality, and invisibility.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations

ngrams of length 2

collocation	frequency
hero weighs	3
cake batter	2
feet tall	2
mass divided	2
human body	2
nuclear fusion	2
nuclear fission	2

Important Words

accounted
afford
alarm
alter
amount
angle
angles
area
assuming
bad
bake
batter
bear
begs
bend
big
bigger
blood
bodies
bodily
body
bones
bottom
break
building
buildings
burned
bystander
cake
calculated
calories
carbon
change
chemical
coming
common
component
components
compounds
conservation
consists
consuming
content
created
crime
crisp
cube
day
dealing
defined
defines
delicious
density
destroyed
dimensions
dioxide
divided
dragging
earth
easily
eating
eats
element
elements
elevator
energy
equal
equals
equation
essentially
evaporated
exerted
exerting
expand
expands
expansion
explore
extra
feet
fight
finds
fission
flesh
flexible
flight
fluffy
food
form
frames
friction
function
fusion
giant
ground
grow
hand
hard
harming
heart
heat
height
helium
hero
hotter
human
hydrogen
immortality
implies
including
innocent
instance
invisibility
job
jump
jungle
kind
landing
large
law
leg
legs
lesson
lithium
macs
malleable
mass
material
meaning
means
mentioned
moisture
molecules
move
moves
natural
normal
nuclear
nucleus
number
occurrence
option
options
order
organized
original
oven
oxygen
pants
park
particles
periodic
person
physics
plant
plausible
possibilities
pound
pounds
power
pressure
primary
process
proton
protons
provide
pump
putting
question
radioactive
rapid
reaction
rearrange
recombine
regular
requires
resulting
results
risk
road
rocks
roughly
run
runs
sand
save
scientifically
scientist
set
shifting
shoes
short
silicon
sinking
size
slash
socks
soil
speed
sponge
square
standing
stars
stay
steel
strength
sun
super
superhero
superheroes
superpower
supported
table
talking
tall
tearing
teddy
temperature
tendons
time
times
towering
transforms
treat
tremendous
triples
turn
turns
ultimately
utilize
volume
walk
walking
weighing
weighs
weight
withstand
working